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Elementary school aged boy reading a book beside classroom library bins

Types of Texts and How to Use Them

Find guidance on determining text readability, the importance of using grade-level texts, how to scaffold complex texts, and when to use predictable, decodable, and controlled vocabulary texts.

Photo by Allison Shelley for EDUimages

Elementary girl in colorful striped sweater reading a book

Typical Reading Development

Learn about the typical stages we see in children as they become readers, from pre-K through high school. Literacy begins with a strong foundation in oral language comprehension and word recognition (decoding). 

Understanding and Assessing Fluency

Understanding and Assessing Fluency

Learn what reading fluency is, why it is critical to make sure that students have sufficient fluency, how we should assess fluency, and how to best provide practice and support for all students.

Asian mom talking with her toddler

Understanding Auditory Processing Disorders in Children

This article, from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, distinguishes auditory processing disorder from other disorders. Symptoms and treatment are described. An explanation is provided of the role of the multidisciplinary team and the role of the audiologist, which is the only profession that can legitimately diagnose auditory processing disorders.
Young boy looking at camera with his chalk drawing in the background

Understanding Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects a child’s handwriting. Children with dysgraphia usually have other problems such as difficulty with written expression. Learn more about causes, the importance of early assessment, dysgraphia and spelling, and effective instructional strategies that strengthen written language skills.

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Understanding Text Types

Text types refer to the broad categories of writing or genres that present stories, ideas, and information in distinct ways. Each text type has unique characteristics and structures to guide readers and writers.   

Elementary aged girl looking at laptop with her father

Understanding the Special Education Process

This overview from the PACER Center walks parents through each step of the special education process, describing what happens from the time a child is referred for evaluation through the development of an individualized education program (IEP).
Understood

Understood

Understood is a nonprofit dedicated to shaping the world for difference, providing resources and support so people who learn and think differently can thrive — in school, at work, and throughout life. 

Two students at smartboard in in UDL classroom

Universal Design for Learning

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a way of thinking about teaching and learning that helps give all students an equal opportunity to succeed. This approach offers flexibility in the ways students access material, engage with it, and show what they know.

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